Difficulties of Detection and Diagnosis
نویسنده
چکیده
U about 20 years ago, the dangers of maternal alcohol consumption to the developing fetus were generally minimized or dismissed. Reports linking maternal alcohol use and fetal growth deficiency emerged from France in the late 1950’s. Then in 1968, Lemoine and colleagues (1968) described growth deficit, mental retardation, and an unusually high rate of birth defects in 127 children born to alco holic mothers. In addition, Ulleland (1972) found pre and postnatal growth deficiency and developmental abnormalities in 8 of 12 children born to alcoholic mothers. Based in part on these cases, Jones and Smith (1973) introduced the term “fetal alcohol syndrome” (FAS) to describe a pattern of abnormalities found in some children born to alcoholic women. Jones and Smith’s definition was significant because it clearly delineated a clinically recognizable syndrome that was distinct from all other patterns of congenital mal formation and that was seen exclusively in the offspring of mothers who drank large amounts1 of alcohol during pregnancy. During the next few years, more than 100 patients with FAS were reported. The earliest descriptions concentrated on the
منابع مشابه
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for the Rapid Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1)
Background and Aims: considering difficulties in usual laboratory methods in detection of viral infections, improved DNA-based diagnostic techniques are more reliable. Loop mediated isothermal amplification method (LAMP) is a nucleic acid amplification method that amplifies DNA using six primers which has been developed to diagnose viruses as a rapid and high efficiency test. In this study, the...
متن کاملDifficulties in Diagnosis of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistocytosis: Overdiagnosis or Underdiagnosis A Case Report
متن کامل
Detection of Ornithobilharzia turkestanikum cercaria (trematoda) by nested-PCR in intermediate host snail, Lymnaea gedrosiana
Trematodes are important in economic and public health. Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum (O. turkestanicum) is one of the important economic trematodes in domestic animals. Ornithobilharzia infection in intermediate host (Lymnaea gedrosiana ) can be detected by either exposing snails to light to induce cercarial shedding or by squeezing them between glass slides to detect parasites. The current...
متن کاملDetection of Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus in Broiler Chickens in Iran Using RT-PCR and Histopathological Methods
Avian encephalomyelitis is caused by a Tremovirus and primarily affects chickens. The virus can infect young chicks and cause nervous symptoms. Vaccines are used to control the disease in breeders. Recently, the occurrence of the disease is causing concern in the poultry industry. In the present study, we report a case of avian encephalomyelitis in one broiler farm in Kashan (center of Iran). T...
متن کاملDiagnostic Accuracy of Digitized Images Using Different Resolution Settings of Digital Camera in Detection of Proximal Caries
Objective: When none of digital systems and scanners is accessible and it is essential to have digitized images of conventional radiographs, digital cameras can be used. The Aim of this study was to investigate whether digital images obtained by different resolutions of a digital camera are matched to the original radiographs in evaluation of caries. Methods: In this diagnostic accuracy in v...
متن کاملImpact of Sanctions on Cancer Care in Iran
The right to health accepted as an essential human right.The US administration’s withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal on May 2018, increased attention to the impact of sanctions on the health of more than 80 million Iranians. Sanctions will damage the Iran public health-care system, notably patients suffered from cancer. Cancers are the third cause of death in Iran. Diagnosis of malignancy is ...
متن کامل